Author/s : Kartic Sharma, Senior Research Fellow (SRF), Department of Public Administration, Panjab University, Chandigarh
Abstract : The Article 1st of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that, all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. The rights based approach, which means providing more power to citizens so that they can strongly demand basic necessities which are essential for their survival or otherwise from the government, indeed derives its base from the human rights itself. The Rights based approach actually promotes good governance and examples some rights-based mechanisms existed in our country are like Right to Education, Right to Information and Right to Services etc. “Right to Service comprises statutory laws which guaranteed time bound delivery of various public services rendered to citizens and provides mechanism for punishing the errant public servants” (Singh, 2016). This paper discusses in detail about the concept of citizen charter and the Right to Services (RTS) mechanism and put light on their genesis, scope, advantages and disadvantages. This paper is based on the secondary data and focus on ‘The Punjab Transparency and Accountability in delivery of public Services Act 2018’ specifically. The paper highlights the services being provided by the Punjab government to its citizens through this act and analyzes the various issues faced by the government and citizens at their respective ends. The paper also suggests some reforms to further strengthen the Right to Service apparatus per se.
Keywords: Citizen Charter, Right to Service, Accountability, Citizen Centric Services, Rights Based Approach
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 1-6
Analysing Teacher Perceptions of Curriculum Changes in India Under NEP 2020: A Content Analysis
Author/s : Dr. Smitha Eapen, Associate Professor of Education (Social Science), Mount Tabor Training College, Pathanapuram, Kollam, Kerala &
Prof .(Dr.) Issac Paul, Commerce (Education), Government College of Teacher Education, Thycaud ,Thiruvananthapuram
Abstract : Introduction: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant reform in India's education system, introducing competency-based learning, interdisciplinary approaches, and student-centred pedagogy. However, its success largely depends on teacher perceptions and their ability to implement these curriculum changes effectively. This study explores teachers’ awareness, challenges, adaptation strategies, and confidence in implementing NEP 2020.
Objectives: The study aims to assess teacher perceptions of curriculum changes under NEP 2020, identify key barriers to implementation, and evaluate the level of institutional support and its impact on classroom practices. It further seeks to provide policy recommendations to enhance teacher preparedness for curriculum reform.
Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative content analysis approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 30 secondary school teachers (15 from government schools and 15 from private schools) in Tamil Nadu, India. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 12, categorizing findings into themes such as awareness, challenges, institutional support, adaptation, and assessment strategies.
Key Findings: The results indicate that private school teachers demonstrated higher awareness (66%) of NEP 2020 than government school teachers (40%). Major challenges included increased workload (53%), lack of training (50%), and resource constraints (47%). Institutional support was significantly higher in private schools, contributing to higher confidence levels (60%) compared to government school teachers (26%). Teachers reported positive impacts on student engagement (60%) and critical thinking (67%), but limited student autonomy (37%), indicating the continued prevalence of teacher-led instruction.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need for enhanced teacher training, equitable resource distribution, and structured support systems to ensure the effective implementation of NEP 2020. Policymakers must focus on bridging the gap between government and private institutions, addressing teacher concerns, and fostering a collaborative approach to curriculum execution. Future research should conduct longitudinal studies to evaluate the long-term impact of NEP 2020 on educational outcomes.
Keywords: NEP 2020, teacher perceptions, curriculum changes, educational policy, qualitative analysis, secondary education
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 7-16
The Fractured Domestic Sphere: A Sociological Analysis of Broken Families through the Lens of "Udaan"
Author/s : Paul Alexander Thomas, Temporary Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda &
Asmita Bharadwaj, PhD in Political Science, Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University
Abstract : The study adopts Vikramaditya Motwane's Udaan (2010) as a framework to examine the sociological elements of broken families. This study uses the narrative as an ethnographic case study to examine how patriarchal systems, intergenerational trauma, adolescence identity building, and family dysfunction intertwine. This study advances an argument that "Udaan" offers a complex perspective of family collapses that is comparable to the socio-economic problems facing modern Indian culture by drawing on cultural studies of family, masculinity, and sociological studies. The broken family structure in society is maintained by the protagonist's desire for autonomy, the strained sibling ties, and the father's emotional absence. The study is intended to expand theoretical understanding of how cinematic depictions can be useful instruments for sociological research into dysfunction and family dynamics.
Keywords: Broken Families, Patriarchy, Generational Trauma, Adolescence, Masculinity Studies, Family Sociology
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 21, January-March 2025, pp. 14-22
The Disremembered Ones: An Exploration of the Sex Workers’ Incessant Trials and Tribulations in Post-Pandemic India
Author/s : Dr Oly Roy, Ph.D, Centre for Historical Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University
Abstract : This paper would look into the impact of Covid-19 on the sex workers and various programmes concerning them pre and post pandemic time in India. As India entered into its first lockdown, there were communities and individuals who entered into a period of indefinite uncertainty. Even though on May 7th, 2022, the Supreme Court of India in Budhadev Karmaskar v State of West Bengal affirmed that sex workers enjoy the same constitutional rights as other citizens and laid down certain key protections for them, the de-criminalisation of sex-work remains a pre-requisite.
Even in the pre-pandemic time, the sex workers have faced endless difficulties whether social or economic owing to their denial of social sanction. This had a major impact on the accessibility of various resources during the pandemic era. Activists and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working for the welfare of sex workers told Indiatoday that many of them were struggling to meet their financial needs and dealing insomnia among other health issues. The high-income and medium-income sex workers have resorted to virtual form to attract customers, but the low-income sex workers do not have sufficient means to adapt to such changes. According to various reports and surveys, many have adopted other professions for survival. It is imperative to look into the history of how they have been treated by the past governments which would help in understanding their vulnerable condition during the Covid-19 crisis. The paper would look at the type of crises that the sex worker community have faced – socially, financially, mentally and sexually, a disparity that continues to haunt the sex-workers.
The paper would critically analyse programmes that have been introduced by the Government in the post pandemic era to locate the lacunae, precedents by the Indian legal system, efforts and initiatives by various NGOs and reports/surveys published by various organizations/institutions like National Commission for Women, National Network of Sex Workers etc. to achieve a holistic view.
Keywords: Sex-Workers, Pandemic, Discrimination, Gender Disparity, Healthcare And Accessibility
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 23-29
Analysing Job Satisfaction Among Teacher Educators
Author/s : SravanthiGiri Giri, Research Scholar, Department of Education, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, India &
Ananthula Raghu, Assistant Professor, Department of Education (CIE), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Abstract : Understanding job satisfaction among Teacher Educators is crucial as it influence professional development and quality in teacher education programmes. This study investigates job satisfaction among Teacher Educators in Telangana using a survey research method with a self-developed60-item job satisfaction scale. A sample of 180 B.Ed. Teacher Educators in Telangana state was randomly selected for the study. The findings indicate that Teacher Educators generally experience moderate job satisfaction, primarily due to low salaries, particularly in private institutions. Gender differences were significant, with female Teacher Educators reporting higher job satisfaction than male. This disparity may be due to the financial pressures faced by male Teacher Educators. Academic qualifications also impact job satisfaction, with Teacher Educators holding research degrees showing greater satisfaction compared to those with only postgraduate qualifications. Salary emerged as a major factor, with higher salaries correlating with increased job satisfaction. To enhance job satisfaction, it is recommended that a B.Ed. Teacher Educator engages in continuous professional development activities and institutions should also review and improve salary structures to better align with performance and educational standards. Policymakers should use these insights to develop strategies that address salary issues and support professional growth, thereby creating a more satisfying work environment for Teacher Educators. This will not only improve job satisfaction but also contribute to the overall quality of teacher education.
Keywords: Job satisfaction, Teacher Educators, B.Ed. Colleges, Salary, Gender, Qualifications
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 30-35
A Comparison of the Teaching Styles of Senior Secondary Teachers in Uttarakhand based on Gender, Stream, and Experience
Author/s : Dr. Sobha, Guest Faculty Department of Education , H.N.B. Garhwal Central University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand
Abstract : The current study aimed to compare the teaching styles of senior secondary teachers based on gender, stream, and experience. A descriptive survey research design was used for this purpose. A random sample of 411 senior secondary teachers from various private schools in Uttarakhand provided data. The investigator used the teaching style scale to collect the necessary data for the current study. The mean, standard deviations’-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The study's findings revealed that there is no significant difference in the teaching styles of senior secondary teachers based on gender, stream, or experience.Teaching Style, Senior Secondary Teachers.
Keywords: Teaching Style, Senior Secondary Teachers.
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp.36-43
Educational Aspiration Levels of Tribal Students at the Secondary Level in Alipurduar District, West Bengall Reforms and Farmers Response
Author/s : Eshita Saha, Ph.D. Research Scholar (Education), Research Centre in Humanities and Social Sciences, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai (Affiliated to Vidyasagar University), West Bengal, India &
Dr. Ratan Sarkar, Assistant Professor of Education (Stage - II), Department of Teachers' Training (B.Ed.), Prabhat Kumar College, Contai (Affiliated to Vidyasagar University), West Bengal, India
Abstract : Tribal education in India plays a crucial role in fostering inclusive and equitable quality education, particularly for marginalized communities. Despite constitutional safeguards and affirmative action, the educational status of Scheduled Tribes (STs) faces persistent challenges due to historical, geographical, and socio-cultural factors. This study examines the educational aspirations of secondary-level tribal students in Alipurduar District, West Bengal, where over 80% of the population is from various ethnic tribes, with a focus on gender differences. A survey of 100 students using the "Level of Educational Aspiration Test" revealed that 33% had moderately positive aspirations, 19% below-average aspirations, and 16% highly positive aspirations. Additionally, 16% exhibited above-average aspirations, 12% highly negative aspirations, and 3% extremely positive aspirations. No significant gender differences were observed. These findings underscore the factors influencing tribal students' educational aspirations, which are essential for promoting their socio-economic advancement.
Keywords: Tribal Students, Educational Aspiration, Secondary Education
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 44-50
Platform Markets, Market Failure and Regulation
Author/s : Dr. Era Tiwari, Assistant Professor (Economics), Department of Banking, Economics and Finance, Bundelkhand University Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
Abstract : The paper attempts to explore the different dimensions in which platform markets operate in comparison to conventional exchange forms. Platforms are essentially multi-sided markets with one side of users determining the user pool on the other. Here; the traditional price theory equating marginal cost often fails with one side ending up paying for the other with enhancement of consumers’ welfare. The non-paying group becomes important as a provider of user behaviour information. This is specifically prevalent in online platform markets. The consumer surplus is thus attempted to be converted in to producers’ surplus with. The issue is also linked with privacy and personal data safety. There is thus a need to address citizens’ concerns in the presence of varied market sharing of user information with advertisers. The study therefore aims to investigate general characteristics of platform markets from a competition theory perspective and its implications for competition policy. It attempts to suggest regulators the appropriate governance model in order to maximise social welfare while addressing all concerned issues pertaining to various domains. A case study method of investigation with a descriptive research design has been followed. Various driving forces of platform markets and their impact on concentration have been explored. Market models and price determination mechanisms have been discussed following deductive method of analysis. The study presents an economic perspective on privacy and personal data protection as well as on data markets between firms. The overall thrust is on examination of ways in which existing regulatory tools could be better used in this respect.Platform Markets, Market Failure, Regulation, Privacy, Competition Policy
Keywords: Platform Markets, Market Failure, Regulation, Privacy, Competition Policy
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 51-55
The Neural Sutra: Investigating Consciousness Through the Interplay of Neuroscience and Buddhism
Author/s : Dr. Tanya Bhardwaj, Assistant Professor, Thapar school of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala
Abstract : This study explores into the complex nature of consciousness and the self, drawing on ages of Buddhist philosophical teachings as well as cutting-edge neuroscience results. Buddhist traditions emphasise the impermanence and interconnectedness of conscious experience, including notions like the Five Aggregates and Anatta (no-self). Modern neuroscience investigates neural correlates and cognitive structures at both the cellular and network levels. Combining these two realms reveals parallels and convergences that promote a deeper understanding of consciousness and highlight the possibilities for a more integrated approach. This interdisciplinary approach enables unique treatment procedures and a more comprehensive understanding of the human experience
Keywords: Consciousness, Self, Anatta, Neuroscience, Buddhist Philosophy, Neural Correlates, Mindfulness
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 56-61
Identity as Resistance: A Comparative Study of the Dalit Panthers and Israeli Black Panthers
Author/s : Vyas Muni, PhD Scholar, Central University of Gujarat, India
Abstract : This paper examines the role of identity in the Dalit Panther movement in India and the Black Panther movement in Israel, focusing on how both served as forms of resistance against systemic discrimination. Research has used primary sources such as historical documents and archival materials and analyses these movements through the lens of identity formation. The study aims to examine the historical emergence of both movements in their respective contexts of caste and ethnic discrimination. This paper also explores how they constructed their identities to challenge dominant social hierarchies. The paper contributes to the understanding of marginalized identity-based resistance movements and their societal impact, especially in challenging systemic discrimination.
Keywords: Caste, Dalit, Maharashtra, Jews, Mizrahi
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 62-72
Psychoanalytical Onset in Literature: A Commemoration and Celebration
Author/s : Dr Shivalika Agarwal, Assistant Professor, Department of Liberal Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Abstract : Literature has been a relevant source in unravelling the human psyche and its workings. The mind and body play an intricate role in closely understanding life, culture, and society. The texts are read to understand their deeper hidden meaning, the drives and unconscious and subconscious in the writings, which we call psychoanalytic perspective in contemporary times. However, the emergence of the study of the mind started with the calling of mind issues as ‘madness’ and ‘hysterical’. Psychoanalytical interpretations of Shakespeare and Dostoevsky’s works were made not by literary critics but by a man from a different field, a doctor or a physician. Sigmund Freud was the one to highlight the workings of the mind above madness. In the article, I intend to locate and celebrate the psychoanalytical onset in literary studies as an area of literary theory and criticism
Keywords: Psychoanalysis, literature, Freud, Carl Jung, Lacan
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 73-76
An Overview of Education in Gujarat: Checks and Challenges
Author/s : Vijayasree Vishwanath, Assistant Professor, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Abstract : Any state's socioeconomic progress is greatly influenced by its educational system, and Gujarat is no different. Gujarat's educational landscape has changed significantly over time, with evident changes in governmental initiatives, school facilities, and literacy rates. Gujarat has taken a number of actions to increase educational access and improve student performance. Public-private collaborations, digital learning initiatives, and government programs. To improve the literacy condition of the populace, however, several aspects of the educational system necessitate research and policy changes. Disparities in infrastructure, student-teacher ratios, and instructional quality still exist, and the dropout rates are concerning. A more inclusive and quality-driven strategy that prioritises teacher preparation, curriculum change, and strong monitoring systems is required, as indicated by key indicators. The paper examines the development of Gujarat's educational system, looking at its development, present patterns, major problems, and potential solutions.
Keywords: Education, Drop-out Rate, Literacy, Student-Teacher Ratio, Policy, School Education
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 77-82
India’s Strategic Military Partnership with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
Author/s : Mehnaz Kosar, Senior Research Scholar, Centre for West Asian Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
Abstract : India’s strategic military partnership with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has ramped up significantly in recent years as a result of both these developments in West Asia security dynamics and the rise of India as a power. Till now, India Gauging Saudi Arabia and UAE through the prism of energy security, trade & welfare of the large Indian Diaspora But with regional instability and challenges of security on the rise, both Saudi Arabia as well the UAE started rethinking their strategic This paper maps the evolving military and defense collaboration between India on one hand and Bahrain & UAE on the other, studying strategic compulsions behind the relationships as well as principal defense pacts and joint exercises that have played pivotal role in forging these ties. These are complemented by robust military relations, epitomized in maritime exercises, defence technology transfers and intelligence-sharing mechanisms along with practice of collaborative counter-terrorism initiatives which together help solidify India as an important regional security partner. The paper also examines how India' geopolitical predicament offered by the stability of maritime passages in the Indian Ocean, the specter of terrorism and the multifaceted geopolitical competitions among Iran, U.S., and China infuse into India-Saudi Arabia-UAE defense partnerships. The analysis further evaluates what these strategic partnerships mean for India's West Asian security calculations as well its broader, global power ambitions.
Keywords: India-Saudi Arabia Defense Cooperation, India-UAE Military Partnerships, Maritime Security, Indian Ocean, Defense Technology Transfer, Geopolitical Implications of Defense Partnerships, Energy Security and Defense Collaboration.
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 83-89
Role of Hidden Curriculum in the development of Holistic Personality in Higher Secondary School Students –A Qualitative Study
Author/s : Subhamita Paul, Research Scholar, Department of Education, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam
Prof (Dr) Nil Ratan Roy, Department of Education, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam
Abstract : Hidden curriculum is designed to conformity and obedience, perpetuating societal norms and structures. These can be learned through the school’s culture, school environment, observing different activities organised in schools and informal interactions with the teachers, seniors and other stakeholders. Practicing of hidden curriculum along with formal curriculum empower students to learn how to work in a team, taking actions for right, taking accountability, and persistence towards life to make them a good human being. National Education Policy 2020 recommended to inculcate some important social skills amongst the young generation learners through its curriculum and other activities. Some such skills can be developed through the practices of hidden curriculum. Educational institutions should expose the hidden curriculum activities to the students a shot of excellence. Practice of hidden curriculum will develop a resilient thinking mind-set in the students. Students are learn the lesson by hidden curriculum are remembered throughout their life. The researcher has identified this area as a research area to fulfil the research gap as well as explore the potentialities and possibilities of hidden curriculum with respect to the all-round progress of the students through the practice of hidden curriculum at higher secondary school level. This paper is based on secondary data sources available through various literature, journals and other available materials. The researcher in this study endeavours to explore the practice of hidden curriculum which bestow the holistic development in the higher secondary school students.
Keywords: Holistic Development, Hidden Curriculum, NEP 2020, Higher Secondary School Students.
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 90-96
Significance of Social Networks in Determining Migration Process: A study of Migrant Street Vendors in Guwahati City
Author/s : Barnali Sarma, Research Scholar, Department of Sociology, University of Science & Technology, Meghalaya
Dr. Kughatoli V. Aye, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Science & Technology, Meghalaya
Abstract : Social networks as one component of the migration process. Here, networks have been conceptualized as informal forms of organization that shape economic behavior whereby individuals use social networks through interpersonal ties linking kin, friends, and community members in their place of origin and destination areas. The study focused on how migrants confront different problems in their place of destination, urban areas and the many factors that influence migration of individuals seeking informal economic activities. In addition, vendors who migrate to Guwahati city are mostly short distance migrants as their work is not characterized by specialized jobs, technical education etc. However, as study findings reveal, the majority of vendors were male as opposed to Revenstein’s understanding that females are more migratory over short distances. Empirical data of the study also linked Lee’s, (1966) model on ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors among migrants and tried to understand how some street vendors have migrated either for negative factors which compelled them to leave their place of origin or for pull factors as some street vendors have migrated for positive factors i.e., Guwahati City as attracting them to further and improve their livelihood.
Keywords: Destination, Migration, Push, Pull, Social networks, Urban
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 97-107
Concept of Human Rights and the UNSC Validity in Question Amidst Israel-Gaza Conflict
Author/s : Abeeta Hilal, Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Sharda University, U.P., India,
Meha Pant, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Sharda University, U.P., India
Rahi Tongbram, Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Sharda University, U.P., India
Abstract :This paper presents the question of human rights and the UN Security Council's UNSC competence given the extended Israel-Gaza conflict critically. The paper overview gives an analysis of international law from the perspectives of humanitarian law under the Geneva Conventions as well as human rights regimes for an understanding of the continuance of violations against civilians, including women and children, and attacks conducted systematically against vital infrastructures. The inquiry into paper is one such investigation of the effectiveness and fairness of the UNSC in dealing with international law violations, completely ignoring the competitive political interests and selectivity of international norms from the justice paradigm. In this paper, it is shown by exercising a multi-disciplinary examination through the legal, political, and ethical arguments, that it is very high time that one should resort to the reform of the global governance mechanisms to ensure accountability along with the protection of fundamental human rights in the active areas of conflict. The findings further reinforce an emerging discussion on the erosion of the legitimacy of multilateral institutions to deal with complex asymmetric wars, such as the one between Israel and Gaza.
Keywords: Human Rights, Israeli-Gaza Conflict, United Nations Security Council (UNSC), international law, Geneva Convention, accountability
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 108-114
Cultural Preservation Through Translation: A Study of Oral Epistemologies in Easterine Kire’s Literary Contributions from Northeast India
Author/s : Sajid Iqbal, Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of English, Sharda University
Dr. Mukuta Borah, Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sharda University
Abstract : The traditional storytelling culture of Northeast India functions as a crucial knowledge repository that preserves indigenous information about natural wisdom together with societal design and traditional heritage. However, the global languages have dominated over indigenous languages and threatened the existence of these oral traditions. The paper demonstrates the function of translation that protects and makes available of indigenous knowledge systems to a wider literary domain, with special emphasis on Northeast Literature. With the analysis of the works of Easterine Kire, particularly When the River Sleeps and A Naga Village Remembered, this study explores how oral traditions in the Northeast region are interwoven into literature without losing their spirit. Through her storytelling, Kire illustrates how the linguistic and cultural translation process helps the traditions to survive and spread knowledge to subsequent generations through literature.
The study investigates the difficulties of interpreting oral traditions by preserving the tradition of storytelling with symbolic values and elements of communal essence in written texts. Through this literary approach, Kire achieves the transformation of oral epistemologies into written materials without compromising their originality. Through a close reading of selected texts of Easterine Kire from Northeast India, this paper highlights that translation is not just a linguistic act but a cultural responsibility that allows marginalized literature to thrive in modern discourse. In doing so, it emphasizes the role of literature and functions of translation in safeguarding the knowledge for future generations.
Keywords: Oral tradition, Indigenous knowledge, Northeast Indian literature, Translation, Easterine Kire
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 115-120
Digital Inclusion of the Margins: Civil Society Adopting Technology for Social Change in India
Author/s : Rahi Tongbram, Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Sharda University, U.P., India,
Dr. Ritika Shukla, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Sharda University, U.P., India
Abeeta Hilal, Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Sharda University, U.P., India
Abstract : Abstract In an era increasingly shaped by digital connectivity, the question of who gets to participate in the digital world has become central to discussions of equity and inclusion. In India, where socio-economic inequalities remain deeply entrenched, civil society play a pivotal role in extending digital access and agency to marginalized communities. This research paper examines how Indian civil society has evolved to adopt digital technologies as instruments for social change. Using a qualitative methodology rooted in document analysis and literature review, the study explores the lived experiences of marginalized groups who engage with digital technologies through civil society initiatives. The paper identifies four key thematic areas: lived digital experiences of marginalized communities, the evolution of civil society in embracing digital tools, structural and socio-political challenges in digital engagement, and the effectiveness of digital interventions in promoting inclusion and empowerment. Drawing upon over 40 secondary sources including peer-reviewed journals, government documents, and NGO reports, the analysis reveals that while digital tools offer new spaces for empowerment, their success is contingent on context-sensitive, participatory, and sustained engagement. Structural inequalities in access, literacy, gender norms, and state regulation continue to hamper full digital inclusion. However, civil society’s deliberate use of technology offers promising pathways toward more democratic and inclusive development. This study contributes to the broader discourse on digital inclusion by cantering the experiences and inventions of grassroots actors in India’s digital transformation.
Keywords: Digital Inclusion, Civil Society, Marginalized Communities, Social Change, India
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 121-128
Strategic Healing: India-Tanzania Health Partnership as a Pillar of Modern Diplomacy
Author/s : Debomita Dasgupta, Independent Researcher
Abstract : The India–Tanzania health partnership exemplifies India’s use of healthcare as a soft-power instrument and model of South-South cooperation. For example, India’s COVID-19 vaccine diplomacy has ‘won the support and heart of Africans. By supplying pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, and expertise (e.g., telemedicine and training), India has positioned itself as a global healthcare provider in Africa. The strategic partnership with Tanzania - a key East African player and ally in India’s SAGAR vision-has been marked by high-level visits, MoUs, and cooperative projects. Tanzania has embraced Indian health initiatives, as evidenced by its active engagement with India’s vaccine diplomacy and by welcoming Indian donations like ambulances and a Bhabhatron radiotherapy machine. Tanzania’s Health Minister Ummy Mwalimu visited India in July 2023 to discuss health cooperation. India has provided multi-million-dollar consignments of essential medicines and vaccines to Tanzania under concessional grants. These initiatives include Jaipur Foot prosthetic camps in Dar es Salaam, while new agreements envision an Indian-sponsored pharmaceutical manufacturing hub and an Apollo specialty hospital in Tanzania
Keywords: Strategic Healing: India-Tanzania Health Partnership as a Pillar of Modern Diplomacy
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 129-135
Multilingualism - A Ground Reality from Teachers’ Lens
Author/s : Tharsni M, Research Scholar, The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad
Abstract : India's linguistic diversity is vast and complex, with nearly 780 languages spoken across the country. However, the integration of these languages into the educational system remains a significant challenge. This article explores the ground reality of multilingualism in Indian classrooms from the perspective of teachers. It examines historical language policies from the British era to the post-independence period and evaluates their impact on current educational practices. Despite policies advocating for multilingual education, implementation often falls short, leaving many children disadvantaged. Through a survey of teachers from various types of schools, this study reveals diverse opinions on the readiness of teachers to embrace multilingual education. While there is a positive attitude among many teachers, the need for focused training programs, supportive institutional policies, and government initiatives is evident. The article underscores the necessity of practical solutions such as language training, classroom support, and adequate teaching resources to effectively implement multilingualism in Indian classrooms.
Keywords: Multilingual education, implementation, teacher, ground reality, diversity
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 136-144
Monetary Compensation & Interim Relief Fund: A Comparative Analysis of The Provisions for Victims in India
Author/s : Pravesh Shekhar, PhD Research Scholar, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Gopal Nath Karna, PhD Research Scholar, Sardar Patel University of Police, Security and Criminal Justice, Jodhpur, Rajasthan &
Dr. Shahanshah Gulpham, Assistant Professor, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Abstract : The compensation to the victim of an offence is a matter of grave concern throughout the world, although the condition of the victims has largely been found wanting at many levels. On November 13, 2019, the esteemed Supreme Court of India presented a compilation of statistics related to interim and final compensation, alongside other pertinent issues. This data highlighted that our comprehension of damages has hitherto been inadequate, leaving numerous queries unanswered. The fact has been substantiated in the depleting fact that only 1 percent of the victims have got interim compensation. Furthermore, the Court, point out that "This report shows a shocking state of affairs. What to talk of trials, in 20 percent of the cases even investigation is not completed within one year. Almost two-thirds of the cases are pending trial for more than one year”. Victim Compensation is a constitutional right, yet the current criminological approach often fails to prioritise it. As a result, victims of serious crimes are often neglected and do not receive the compensation they deserve in many countries. This paper attempts to address the issues like secondary victimisation, approaches to compensation, monetary range, and interim relief. Further, some of the predisposing aspects responsible for the problem of the non-availability of funds were discussed. The paper compares various Victim Compensation Schemes based on 'Compensation Range' and 'Interim Relief', with a particular focus on the concept of victim compensation in India. The study reveals that the year 2021-2022 had the best track record for deciding applications for victim compensation, with the lowest rate of pending applications compared to previous years.
Keywords: Victim, Compensation, Criminological Range, Relief, Lowest Rate
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 145-153
Cybersquatting in the Age of Cybersecurity: Threats, Legal Responses, and Forensic Approaches
Author/s : Dr. Heena Goswami, Gujarat National Law University
Abstract : Cybersquatting – the bad-faith registration of domain names mimicking established brands – has surged in recent years, critically intersecting with cybersecurity concerns. This article examines the expanding scope and threats of cybersquatting, the techniques used by squatters, and the growing reliance on legal and forensic responses. Drawing on global data and case studies, we document record numbers of UDRP filings (e.g., 6,192 in 2023) and high-profile disputes (e.g., Canva’s recovery of 174 fraudulent domains). The article defines cybersquatting and associated practices, analyzes key typologies—including typosquatting, combosquatting, and homograph attacks—and provides a comparative assessment of legal frameworks across jurisdictions. It highlights the lack of a dedicated anti-cybersquatting statute in India, where legal recourse is generally pursued through trademark infringement and passing-off claims, contrasting this with the United States’ Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (15 U.S.C. §1125(d)), China’s amended Anti-Unfair Competition Law targeting bad-faith domain registrations, and the global ICANN/UDRP dispute resolution mechanism. The discussion also reviews technical forensic methods such as WHOIS and RDAP lookups, DNS and Passive DNS analysis, SSL certificate tracking, and network log examinations, which are employed to attribute domains to cybersquatters and gather evidentiary support, as demonstrated in several recent UDRP cases. Utilizing recent data, the article synthesizes trends identified by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), including an 11% increase in domain name disputes during the COVID-19 pandemic and a subsequent 7% rise in 2023. Through case studies such as India’s JioHotstar domain incident and other international trademark disputes, the article illustrates the evolving nature of cybersquatting threats. It also addresses emerging challenges, such as the exploitation of new top-level domains, automated mass registration of trending terms (e.g., “ChatGPT”), and the proliferation of phishing and malware campaigns via cybersquatted domains, with 18.6% reportedly linked to malicious activity. The author concludes by recommending proactive domain monitoring and defensive registration strategies for businesses, robust enforcement actions through UDRP and judicial mechanisms for trademark holders, and legal reforms coupled with enhanced international cooperation for policymakers to mitigate the impact of cybersquatting.
Keywords: Cybersquatting, Typologies, UDRP(Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy), Forensic methods, Trademark
Issue & Page No. : Vol. No. 1, Issue 22, April-June 2025, pp. 154-163